Why Churchill lost the 1945 election after victory in the war

Tesovo:-the British people and the military in 1945 were tired of the war; - the housing stock was largely destroyed; - exports of the country fell three times, and the state debt has increased three times; - The British did not see the systemic social and economic policy, and voters wanted changes - Labor suggested an economic and social model that responded to the British and came to power in 1945.

They changed the economic landscape of the UK and its role in the global system; - many consider their coming to power appropriate and effective; - But Churchill was able to do work on mistakes and return to power in 1951. However, he was already ill and after a while he resigned, remaining a member of Parliament. If Churchill understood what the electorate was waiting for him and had his economic plan, the world may have had a different development history.

Details: The result of the 1945 elections became more than a sensation. It was a political earthquake. Less than 12 weeks before, Winston Churchill announced the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. Churchill did not care very much, knowing that his rating is high. The United Kingdom had financial support from the United States, and the World War was not over (fighting with Japan continued). But he lost. Democratic elections took place on July 5, 1945 on the main part of the UK.

These were the first parliamentary elections after 1935, which was caused by the conduct of hostilities in Europe during the Second World War. Labor led by Clement Ettley won a great victory with a great advantage over their main competitors-conservatives, led by the current Prime Minister Winton Churchill.

The reason for the loss was the UK economy, Labor built their election campaign around: post -war restoration of the economy; Creation of general employment and organization of the national health care system. The Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity, Conservator Winston Churchill hoped that his personal popularity, which he gained during the war, would bring the Conservatives victory, so that he practically did not lead the election campaign.

The Labor Party, led by Clement, Ettley, came to power and created a comprehensive "state of general welfare". With the establishment of the National Health Service, which provides free medical care to all British citizens and other reforms. The Bank of England, Railways, heavy industry and coal production were nationalized. The most controversial issue was the nationalization of steel, which, unlike others, was profitable.

About a third of the British industry was transferred to state property after the Second World War and remained so until the 1980s where did the Labor come from? The Labor Party has grown from the trade union movement and the first socialist parties and the communities of the late 19th century, such as an independent work party, Fabian society and the Social Democratic Federation. The Labor Party is in the left -centric political spectrum.

Being under the historical influence of the Keynesian economy, the party advocated the intervention of the state in the economy and the redistribution of wealth. The party's tax was considered as a means of achieving "significant redistribution of wealth and income. " The party also demanded the expansion of rights for workers and the state of general welfare, including state health care.

Whatever the party won the 1945 elections, it would face tired of the war and the depleted public and the borders of its policy. It is difficult to inherit social problems of more severity as it was in those years. Most of the pre -war housing stock was damaged or destroyed as a result of bombing, and no repairs were practically carried out. In addition, the economy was in decline. The voters wanted to put an end to the fierce savings of wartime and not return to pre -war economic depression.

They wanted change. The UK needed a large re -equipment (!) To transform the capacity of wartime production for peaceful purposes, but even more serious were the problems of payments of the UK. During the war, the United Kingdom lost about a quarter of its national wealth, and the government debt has tripled! Exports are less than 30% of pre -war volume. The British economy has been supported since 1941 solely thanks to Land Lisa.

After the war, the United Kingdom also needed US goods and dollars to pay for them. An immediate response was an US loan of $ 3750 million (50 billion in today's money) the promise of Labor to capture dominant heights in the economy through nationalization was an anaphem for convinced Tori, but after almost six years of public administration of economy during the war it did not seem so radical, as before the war, or even as it seems. currently.

In 1945, there were millions of men and women scattered in Europe, the Far East and other places. They are more than any other part of the electorate, sought change and better civic life. The military voted in the vast majority of Labor. Many 1945 election researchers believe that they played a key role in the Daily Mirror, at that time, the most popular newspaper in the United Kingdom and, of course, the most popular among the Armed Forces.

On Victory Day in Europe, Mirror published an extremely strong caricature of the brilliant Philip Zek. It depicted a beaten, bandaged allied soldier that extends a piece of paper to the reader with the mark "Victory and Peace in Europe". Under the drawing was the signature "Here you! Don't lose anymore. The Labor Party is a socialist party and is proud of it.

” The strict phrase was buried in the 1945 party manifesto, in which Labor promised to take control of the economy and, in particular, the manufacturing industry. The Manifesto provided the nationalization of the Bank of England, the fuel and energy complex, internal transport, ferrous metallurgy. And with the majority in parliament, more than 150 people were difficult to counter this policy.

One by the other key sectors of the post -war economy, they went to the public sector, where they were thoroughly planned. For the most part, absorption was very popular. As an example, the new National Coal Directorate was considered not only as an economic but also as a humanitarian institution. Millions of people worked in the sector in the sector. Other nationalization operations were more cynical.

As soon as the British railways captured the old regional receipt networks, jokes began to joke about unreliable, crowded trains, collapsing stations, and an old British comedy buffet. After the initial euphoria, doubts soon began to emerge from nationalization. The state industry was suffocated by the bureaucracy and the requirements of the economic gurus of the Labor Gurus of both lovers and professionals.

Their bolder ideas were often reduced to the fragile balance between principle and pragmatism. It became clear that the clumsy machine of state economic planning could not provide what the voters demanded and what the labors promised: full employment, reliable jobs with fair wages, termination of normalization of wartime, and possibly, above all, worthy homes for all.

The introduction of the state of "general well-being" was largely relied on the work of two liberal economists: John Maineard Keynes, who proved the benefits of full employment and state incentives for the economy, and William Beveridge. The birth of the National Health Service in July 1948 remains the largest monument of Labor.

This was achieved only after two years of fierce resistance from medical establishment, when consultants were threatened with strike, and the British Medical Association poured out gloomy warnings about bureaucracy and expenses. Looking back, we can say that for Britain, as well as for a huge number of its subjects all over the world was a blessing that Winston Churchill lost the 1945 elections.

At the heart, the old warrior was a Victorian romantic, hopelessly passionate about the so -called romance of the empire. In particular, his dislike for the struggle for India's independence was well known. Britain has changed more in the years of Ettley than for any other government, neither before nor after. Social security reforms and, to a lesser extent, a major experiment of state control over the industry had a deep impact on how people perceived themselves and their country.

And what they saw was generally pleased. After the post-war victory of the Labor Party in 1945, Churchill became the leader of the opposition, and in 1951 he was again elected Prime Minister. In 1953 he was dedicated to the knight Queen Elizabeth II and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. After his retirement as a prime minister, he remained in Parliament until 1964, one year before his death. Churchill lost five years in opposition.