300 years Grigory Skovoroda. The sage from the banknote sang like a rock star and rude to the Russian Empress

On December 3, 1722, the founder of Slavic philosophy was born - Grigory Skovoroda. What is the famous Ukrainian philosopher and what does a fountain mean on a 500 hryvnia bill? The focus in a fresh article is versed in the character and creative heritage of the great thinker. This person's face is known by everyone-in a portrait on a 500-hryvnia bill. Near his monument on Kontraktova Square in the capital, the constant movement of students of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy and other universities.

Everyone knows his phrase: "The world caught me, but did not catch", which was bred as an epitaph on his grave. In 1959 he made a film at the Dovzhenko Kiev studio Ivan Kavaleridze and he built a monument on Kontraktova in 1976. Postal stamps with the image of the philosopher were published and named the planet in honor of him. But Skovoroda was not only a philosopher, but a musician and a poet, often performed things of his own creation (today the author-executor would be said).

He was in many universities and in the yards, but everywhere he preferred to go on. The focus is versed in the character and creative heritage of the great Ukrainian thinker. I work on this text. The ten -year -old son Lion: - What do you write about? - About Frying pan. Do you know who is Skovoroda? - I know. - Who? - He who invented the pan. Laugh.

But it was this great graduate of the Kiev-Mohyla, and made the same "Frying Pan" in which our specific Slavic world perception was prepared, which is dominated by emotions, not mind. The purpose of any philosophy is to create a model of the world. Each nation builds it based on the peculiarities of its mentality.

The Indian sage would hardly argue as Nietzsche's Nylilist that "life on Earth is a moment, an episode, an event without a plan", since it was aware of the "Master Plan" from the birth to dissolution of the universe 4 320 000 years. Further, the Supreme God Brahma collapses the material universe and creates it again. Western and Eastern philosophy - two polarities, between which Slavic. In the East, philosophy and religion are one whole: such are Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism.

The philosopher is a spiritual and moral mentor. In the West, philosophy and religion were divided. Philosophers are academic scientists who create systems of views, but no longer claim to be in the Sukratsk spiritual teachers. As the same famous German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804), who was a peer of Skovoroda.

And the Cossack philosopher Hryhoriy Skovoroda (1722 - 1794) founded the original Slavic philosophy, taking a worldview structure from Plato and Christian religion, and in the Eastern way - a way of life of a traveling spiritual teacher. His figure combined the Eastern and Western traditions. On December 3, 1722, Grigory Skovoroda was born in the Cossack village of the Chernukha Lubensky Regiment in the Cossack village of the Lubensky Regiment.

His relatives on the part of his father and mother were priests. He served in the temple brother of his grandfather by his mother-Fyodor Shan-Giray, who is originally from the baptized Crimean Tatars. From the age of 16, Gregory has lived on its own. He studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 1734-1753 (with breaks), as well as in Europe. He taught poetics in Pereyaslav and Kharkiv colleges. He wrote in different languages ​​- Church Slavonic, Russian with Ukrainian expressions, Greek, Latin.

He became famous in his youth with a magnificent voice. For Empress Elizabeth Petrovna sang in the court chapel. He made his favorite with Elizabeth's favorite - Alexei Razumovsky (originally from the Lower -Landing Dnieper Cossacks). Together with the chapel, he accompanied the Empress on a trip to Kiev, but remained there. And he could be a court star of singing all his life. But no - he was called by the road. It really was characterized by his act.

In Kiev he writes his debut work: "Management on Poetry". The ecclesiastical power is dissatisfied with her-a free-thinking destroys the canons, but the main thing is that he himself makes his poems songs and performs perfectly. Sounds like a hit year. Listen: "Every city is custom and right, everyone holds his mind; every heart is love and warmth, every throat has found his taste.

" (1760) Nothing reminds? After all, it is almost "a song without the words" rock band "cinema": "To what apparatus the place will fall to the way to the existence of a dog will be stolen by a dog and a bundle and a wing of teeth and anger. " (1989) Between these songs for more than two centuries, but the idea and intonation are similar. That's for this, they loved Skovoroda-for depth and relevance, it was like a rock star. And at the same time he poured aphorisms and wit.

He loved the communication and social circle of his interlocutors: from peasants and merchants to the first persons of the state. They even say Catherine II. The Empress ordered him to appear at the yard. When she came in, everyone froze in the bow, except Gregory. "Why don't you bow to me?" Catherine II asked him. He replied, "I didn't want to see you, but you wanted to look at me.

And how do you look at me when I will bend in front of you?" In the Kharkiv College, where he taught Skovoroda, he was not ceremony. Instead of evaluations, he gave the following written characteristics to students: "quite dull", "solid nonsense", but did not skimp into praise - "very sharp". But he did not stay here: he spent the last 25 years of his life.

At the same time, there are books of poems - "Garden of Divine Songs", "Kharkiv Fables" and philosophical treatises - "Alphabet of the World", "Two Conversations", "Dialogues". Unlike many local philosophers, Skovoroda has a clear system of views. He was a neoplatonic moralist, the creator of the concept of three worlds, where he united Christianity and antiquity, mysticism and rationalism.

His worldview system has the following formula: Macrocosm (Universe) - microcosm (man) - a symbolic world of the Bible (which connects everything with each other). Quote the primary source: "There are three worlds. The first is universal and the world of life, where everything born lives. This consists of innumerable worlds of the world and there is a great world. The second two are partial and small worlds. The first is microcosm, that is - a lumina .

The second world is symbolic, that is the Bible… ”. "These three worlds, differing, form a whole: macro and micro -world in their mystical proportionality," said the philosopher. "I believe and know that everything that exists in the great world exists in the Little and what is possible in the Little World, So is possible in the great world, in accordance with the unity of the performance of the performing spirit. " The main relationship between the worlds is through correspondence.

In each of these worlds, he distinguished two nature - visible and invisible, external and internal, carnal and spiritual. But the outside world is only the shadow of the true world, being temporary, transient and mortal. But "this invisible nature or God all creation penetrates and holds. " The invisible world is a plan, a rod and a "tree of life" of the world of the visible. Frying pan called through material nature - emotional - to see the spiritual plan.

People, not knowing the existence of the invisible nature, are admired and tempted by deceptive visibility, losing connection with God. In the famous philosophical dialogue "Narksiss" Skovoroda developed even the thesis of two hearts: the external ("physical", "worldly", Skovoroda also calls him "ash -hearty") and internal, which allows to reveal the image of God through the "test" by "testing" way to "know yourself. " The main way to move forward is the god in the heart.

"What a compass is in a ship, God is in man. Compass in the heart of a ship's arrow is a secret language, law, head, eye and kingdom of ship. The Bible is also called an arrow, as a shadow of eternal law and darkness of God. " Here are the basic tenets of his philosophy - they are quite clear. And he clearly demonstrated the essence of his teaching in the picture, which we see on a 500-hryvnia bill. The picture is called "uneven equality". This is a metaphor: a fountain is God, people are vessels.

The philosopher explained the meaning of the image: "Different streams in different vessels that stand around the fountain stands from different tubes. The smaller vessel has less, but is equal to the greater one equal to the full.

In vain do they come to? Where is all that is disgusting to the blissful nature? ” That is, the money is not superfluous, but the drawing on the banknote is something else: how much you will take divine wisdom - all yours: the waters pour the top equally, but you give the most voluminous shape to your vessel.

After Kant and Hegel, European thought was increasingly in natural philosophy, and Frying Pan left such a testament - "the world caught me, but did not catch me," Only the timeless - spiritual - and there is a real wealth. There is a very detailed portrait of a frying pan.

"He dressed decently, but simply; he had food that consisted of herbs, fruits and dairy seasonings, consumed it in the evening, after sunset; meat and fish did not eat not because of vanity, but for his inner need; time no more than four hours a day; he got up to dawn and, when the weather allowed, always walked for the city to stroll in clean air and in the gardens; always cheerful, cheerful, lightweight, mobile, restrained, charming, all happy, good -natured, humiliated before Everyone, willing to the word, where he was not forced to speak, brought out morality, respectful to any condition Thinking, behavior without flattery, " - described the philosopher MI Kovalensky in the book" Skovoroda's way of life in Kharkiv "(1795).

In the village of Skovorodynivka near Kharkiv, a prominent Ukrainian philosopher often stayed in the estate of his student Andrei Kovalevsky. There, anticipating a quick death, at the age of 72, he dug himself a grave, bought himself, put on clean clothes and died. This premonition is usually the Holy Elders. He was buried near the beloved oak. There is no cross in the rest of Skovoroda, as he commanded, only a huge stone with the inscription: "The world caught me, but did not catch me.

" Recall that on May 7, 2022, Russian invaders destroyed the National Literary Memorial Museum of Grigory Skovoroda-it burned down. It requires more than UAH 112 million to restore it. There is already a fundraiser today. On October 12, the Cabinet of Ministers decided that, despite the war in Ukraine, the state level will celebrate the 300th anniversary of Grigory Skovoroda: celebrations, thematic exhibitions, round tables, conversations, seminars, literary readings and excursions will be held.